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formatting.","column":"cognate_id","kind":"length"}],"model":"anthropic:claude-opus-4-7","narrative":"This dataset contains 4,981 cognate sets sourced entirely from the 'iecor' source_dataset, each identified by a unique cognate_id. The two main numeric signals are language_count and word_count, which are nearly identical in distribution: both have a median of 2 and mean around 5.17, but stretch out to a maximum of 157 with skew above 6.8 and roughly 13% of rows flagged as outliers. That long tail is the most interesting story \u2014 most cognate sets are small, but a minority span very many languages/words and deserve a closer look. Note that concept is empty for every row, confidence is constant at 1.0, and source_dataset has only one value, so those columns carry no analytic signal.","scope":"dataset","target":"__global__"},{"confidence":"high","critiques":[],"evidence_keys":["n","n_unique","null_rate","stats.len_min","stats.len_max","stats.one_word_rate","stats.duplicate_rate","stats.vocab_size","top_words"],"model":"anthropic:claude-opus-4-7","narrative":"This is a primary identifier column: every one of the 4981 values is unique, non-null, single-token, and follows an `iecor:<n>` pattern (length 7-10 chars). With n_unique == n and duplicate_rate 0, it functions as a cognate-set key from the IECoR resource rather than a modelling feature.","role":"identifier","scope":"column","target":"cognate_id","treatment":"Use as the join key to cognate metadata; exclude from any model features."},{"confidence":"high","critiques":[],"evidence_keys":["n","n_unique","stats.cardinality","stats.entropy","stats.top_rate","stats.top_value","top_values","alerts"],"model":"anthropic:claude-opus-4-7","narrative":"The 'concept' column is a categorical field that is entirely constant: all 4981 rows hold the same empty-string value, giving cardinality 1 and entropy 0. It carries no information and was flagged for imbalance with a top_rate of 1.0.","role":"other","scope":"column","target":"concept","treatment":"Drop; the column is constant and contributes no signal."},{"confidence":"low","critiques":[],"evidence_keys":["alerts","kind","n","null_rate","stats"],"model":"anthropic:claude-opus-4-7","narrative":"The column is named \"words\" but saturn skipped profiling it, so its kind is unknown and no descriptive statistics were computed. The only confirmed signals are 4981 non-null rows with a null rate of 0.0; uniqueness, type, and value distribution are all unavailable.","role":"other","scope":"column","target":"words","treatment":"Re-profile or manually inspect this column before any downstream use, since saturn skipped it."},{"confidence":"high","critiques":[],"evidence_keys":["n","n_unique","null_rate","stats.cardinality","stats.entropy","stats.top_rate","stats.top_value","top_values"],"model":"anthropic:claude-opus-4-7","narrative":"This column records the originating dataset for each row, but every one of the 4981 records carries the single value \"iecor\". Cardinality is 1 and entropy is 0, so the field carries no information for modelling or grouping.","role":"metadata","scope":"column","target":"source_dataset","treatment":"Drop; constant column with no discriminative signal."},{"confidence":"high","critiques":[],"evidence_keys":["n","n_unique","stats.min","stats.max","stats.mean","stats.std","alerts"],"model":"anthropic:claude-opus-4-7","narrative":"The column 'confidence' is a numeric field that is entirely constant: all 4981 rows hold the value 1.0, with zero standard deviation and a single unique value. It carries no information for downstream modelling and likely reflects a default or hard-coded score rather than a measured probability.","role":"metadata","scope":"column","target":"confidence","treatment":"drop, constant column with no variance"},{"confidence":"high","critiques":[],"evidence_keys":["stats.min","stats.max","stats.median","stats.mean","stats.std","stats.q1","stats.q3","stats.iqr","stats.skew","stats.kurtosis","stats.n_outliers","stats.outlier_rate","n_unique","null_rate"],"model":"anthropic:claude-opus-4-7","narrative":"Counts of words per record, ranging from 1 to 157 with a median of 2 and IQR of 3. The distribution is severely right-skewed (skew 6.84, kurtosis 59.74) with 649 outliers (13.0% of rows) pulling the mean to 5.17 against std 12.13. Most entries are very short while a long tail of verbose records dominates the variance.","role":"feature","scope":"column","target":"word_count","treatment":"Apply a log1p transform before modelling to tame the heavy right tail."},{"confidence":"high","critiques":[],"evidence_keys":["min","max","median","q1","q3","iqr","skew","kurtosis","n_outliers","outlier_rate","mean","std","n_unique"],"model":"anthropic:claude-opus-4-7","narrative":"A count of languages per record, ranging from 1 to 157 with a median of just 2 and IQR of 3. The distribution is severely right-skewed (skew 6.84, kurtosis 59.77) with 649 outliers (13.0%), meaning a small number of records list dozens of languages while most list only a handful.","role":"feature","scope":"column","target":"language_count","treatment":"Log-transform or cap before modelling to tame the heavy tail."},{"confidence":"low","critiques":[],"evidence_keys":["alerts","kind","n","null_rate","n_unique","stats"],"model":"anthropic:claude-opus-4-7","narrative":"The column 'sources' was skipped by the profiler, so its kind is unknown and no descriptive statistics are available. We can only confirm it has 4981 rows with a null rate of 0.0 and no recorded unique count. Without further evidence, the content and structure cannot be characterised.","role":"other","scope":"column","target":"sources","treatment":"Re-profile or manually inspect this column before deciding on downstream handling."}],"providers":["anthropic:claude-opus-4-7"],"total_usage":{"completion_tokens":2226,"prompt_tokens":7726,"total_tokens":9952}},"language_counts":{},"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-01T18:37:03+00:00","mode":"full","row_count":4981,"sampled_rows":4981,"seed":42,"source":"/home/coolhand/servers/diachronica/etymology_atlas/processed/cognate_sets.json"},"notes":[],"saturn_version":"0.2.0","schema":{"cognate_id":"text","concept":"categorical","confidence":"numeric","language_count":"numeric","source_dataset":"categorical","sources":"unknown","word_count":"numeric","words":"unknown"}}