data trove carnivorous plants gbif

This column contains Linnaean binomial scientific names for biological taxa, including both plant species (e.g., 'Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn.') and insect species (e.g., 'Hylephila phyleus (Drury, 1773)'), suggesting a mixed-taxon dataset. The dominant value 'Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn.' accounts for 28.5% of all 610 rows, which is strikingly disproportionate given 157 unique names, and the long-tail alert confirms the remaining mass is spread thinly across many species. Entropy ratio of 0.756 indicates moderate but uneven spread—far from uniform distribution. Treatment: Use as a grouping/stratification key; address class imbalance before any species-level modelling, and consider taxonomic hierarchy encoding. high · anthropic:default

n

610

nulls

0 (0.0%)

unique

157

top_value

Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn.

top_rate

0.2852

cardinality

157

entropy

5.517

entropy_ratio

0.7563

This column records biological taxonomic names, appearing to be species-level identifiers (binomial nomenclature) though it also contains family-level names such as 'Droseraceae' and 'Sarraceniaceae', indicating inconsistent taxonomic rank across rows. The dominant value 'Canella winterana' accounts for 28.5% of all 610 rows (174 occurrences), which is a striking concentration given 123 unique values and an entropy ratio of 0.74 suggesting moderate-to-high diversity otherwise. The mix of species binomials (plants and insects, e.g. butterflies like 'Hylephila phyleus') alongside family names is a data quality concern that should be flagged before modelling. Treatment: Standardise taxonomic rank (species vs. family) before use; encode as categorical or join to a taxonomy reference table. high · anthropic:default

n

610

nulls

0 (0.0%)

unique

123

top_value

Canella winterana

top_rate

0.2852

cardinality

123

entropy

5.144

entropy_ratio

0.7409

This column contains biological genus names, functioning as a taxonomic label for 610 specimens spanning 94 distinct genera. The dominant genus 'Canella' accounts for 28.5% of all rows (174 occurrences), creating notable imbalance — the top four genera alone (Canella, Warburgia, Cinnamosma, Cinnamodendron) appear to be plant genera (order Canellales), while lower-ranked entries like Urbanus, Hylephila, Burnsius, and Pyrgus are butterfly genera (Hesperiidae), suggesting the dataset may mix taxonomic kingdoms or represent a cross-taxon study. Entropy ratio of 0.74 indicates moderate concentration despite 94 unique values. Treatment: Use as a grouping/stratification variable; address class imbalance (Canella = 28.5%) before any genus-level classification task, and investigate mixed-kingdom composition. high · anthropic:default

n

610

nulls

0 (0.0%)

unique

94

top_value

Canella

top_rate

0.2852

cardinality

94

entropy

4.84

entropy_ratio

0.7384

This column contains biological family-level taxonomic names, with exactly 3 distinct values across 610 non-null rows. Notably, two families — Hesperiidae (butterflies) and Canellaceae (flowering plants) — each appear exactly 300 times, suggesting a deliberately balanced dataset pairing two taxonomic groups, while Araceae (another plant family) appears only 10 times, likely as a minor addition or control group. The near-perfect split between an animal family and a plant family in equal counts is unusual and warrants investigation into dataset construction intent. Treatment: One-hot encode or ordinal-encode for modelling; verify whether the 10-row Araceae class should be included or treated as out-of-distribution. high · anthropic:default

n

610

nulls

0 (0.0%)

unique

3

top_value

Hesperiidae

top_rate

0.4918

cardinality

3

entropy

1.104

entropy_ratio

0.6967

This column contains geographic latitude values, ranging from -43.25° (southern hemisphere, around southern South America or South Africa) to 46.70° (northern hemisphere, around central Europe or northern US). The distribution is notably platykurtic (kurtosis -1.28) with a wide IQR of 47.75 degrees, indicating near-uniform spread across a broad swath of the globe rather than clustering around any particular region. The mean (5.20°) and median (17.01°) diverge by ~12 degrees, and the slight negative skew suggests a modest tail toward southern latitudes. With 466 unique values out of 610 rows and zero nulls, this is a real-valued geographic coordinate with moderate but not near-unique cardinality. Treatment: Use as-is or pair with longitude for spatial modelling; consider binning into latitude bands or projecting to cartesian coordinates if distance metrics are needed. high · anthropic:default

n

610

nulls

0 (0.0%)

unique

466

min

-43.25

max

46.7

mean

5.2

median

17.01

std

22.75

q1

-22.92

q3

24.83

iqr

47.75

skew

-0.6517

kurtosis

-1.283

n_outliers

0

outlier_rate

0

zero_rate

0

This column contains geographic longitude coordinates, with values spanning from -115.04 to 153.39 degrees — a range that covers locations across the Americas, Europe/Africa, and into the Pacific/Oceania region. The mean (-32.94) and median (-63.06) diverge substantially, and the IQR of 120.21 degrees is very wide, indicating the dataset captures globally dispersed locations rather than a single region. A skew of 1.18 suggests a tail toward positive (eastern) longitudes, meaning most records cluster in western longitudes but some pull toward Oceania (e.g., the max of 153.39 is consistent with eastern Australia). With 467 unique values out of 610 rows and zero nulls, coordinates appear mostly distinct but not fully unique, suggesting some location reuse. Treatment: Pair with latitude for spatial modelling; consider geographic clustering or projection before use as a numeric feature. high · anthropic:default

n

610

nulls

0 (0.0%)

unique

467

min

-115

max

153.4

mean

-32.94

median

-63.06

std

78.93

q1

-89.37

q3

30.84

iqr

120.2

skew

1.184

kurtosis

0.0844

n_outliers

0

outlier_rate

0

zero_rate

0

This column captures country of origin or location for 610 records, spanning 35 distinct countries with no nulls. The United States dominates at 21.3% (130 records), followed by Mexico (73) and Brazil (51), but the presence of Guadeloupe (48) and Madagascar (40) as top-tier entries is surprising for a dataset this size, suggesting a specific thematic or biological focus (e.g., species occurrences, field surveys) rather than a general population sample. Entropy ratio of 0.77 indicates reasonably broad distribution across countries, though the top-heavy US share introduces mild imbalance. Treatment: One-hot encode for low-cardinality modelling or group into regions to reduce 35-level dimensionality. high · anthropic:default

n

610

nulls

0 (0.0%)

unique

35

top_value

United States of America

top_rate

0.2131

cardinality

35

entropy

3.961

entropy_ratio

0.7722

This column captures state or province-level geographic designations, with 108 distinct values across 610 rows and no nulls. The top value is 'Texas' (13.3% of rows), but the mix of US states, Mexican states (Nayarit, Sinaloa), Australian states (Queensland), South African provinces (KwaZulu-Natal), Brazilian states (Santa Catarina), and a French Caribbean municipality (Pointe-à-Pitre) confirms this is an international dataset — not US-only. Notably, 30 rows (≈4.9%) contain an empty string rather than a true null, and 11 rows are coded as the catch-all 'Other', both of which will need handling. The high entropy ratio (0.82) reflects genuine geographic spread rather than a dominated distribution. Treatment: Normalize empty strings and 'Other' to null, then encode geographically (e.g., region groupings or target-encode) before modelling. high · anthropic:default

n

610

nulls

0 (0.0%)

unique

108

top_value

Texas

top_rate

0.1328

cardinality

108

entropy

5.53

entropy_ratio

0.8187

This column records detailed collection locality descriptions for what appears to be a biological specimen or herbarium dataset, likely from Madagascar (French-language administrative hierarchy: Région, District, Commune, Fokontany) with at least one Brazilian entry ('Serra da Farinha-seca'). The dominant signal is that 92.3% of the 610 rows (563 records) have an empty string, rendering the column nearly uninformative for most records. Among the 29 distinct non-empty values, each of the populated entries appears only 2–3 times, confirming the long-tail alert and suggesting these are free-text verbatim field notes rather than a controlled vocabulary. Treatment: Treat empty strings as missing; for populated rows, parse administrative hierarchy tokens (Region, District, Commune, Fokontany) via regex or NLP before use in spatial analysis. high · anthropic:default

n

610

nulls

0 (0.0%)

unique

29

top_value

top_rate

0.923

cardinality

29

entropy

0.7475

entropy_ratio

0.1539

This column is a Darwin Core 'basisOfRecord' field classifying how each biodiversity occurrence was recorded, with only two valid categories present. The distribution is heavily skewed: HUMAN_OBSERVATION dominates at 90.2% (550 of 610 records), while PRESERVED_SPECIMEN accounts for just 9.8% (60 records). The extreme imbalance between field observations and museum/herbarium specimens may affect any model trained on this feature, as PRESERVED_SPECIMEN is a near-minority class. No nulls are present, and the low entropy (0.464) confirms the near-uniform dominance of one category. Treatment: One-hot encode with awareness of class imbalance; consider stratifying splits to preserve PRESERVED_SPECIMEN representation. high · anthropic:default

n

610

nulls

0 (0.0%)

unique

2

top_value

HUMAN_OBSERVATION

top_rate

0.9016

cardinality

2

entropy

0.4638

entropy_ratio

0.4638

This column represents a calendar year dimension spanning 2021–2026, with only 6 distinct values across 610 rows — confirming it is a low-cardinality temporal grouping field rather than a continuous numeric. The distribution is left-skewed (skew = –0.80) with both median and max at 2026, meaning the majority of records are concentrated in the most recent year. The presence of 2026 data (a future or current year at time of writing) alongside 2021 suggests multi-year longitudinal coverage, with recent years — especially 2026 — heavily over-represented. Treatment: Treat as an ordinal categorical or integer time dimension; consider encoding as a period indicator or time-fixed-effect in modelling. high · anthropic:default

n

610

nulls

0 (0.0%)

unique

6

min

2,021

max

2,026

mean

2025

median

2,026

std

1.503

q1

2,024

q3

2,026

iqr

2

skew

-0.7969

kurtosis

-0.7929

n_outliers

0

outlier_rate

0

zero_rate

0

This column represents calendar month, encoded as an integer from 1 to 12 with exactly 12 unique values and near-zero nulls (0.16%). The distribution is notably right-skewed (skew ≈ 1.0) with a median of 1.0 and Q1 also at 1.0, meaning at least 25% of rows are coded as January — suggesting strong concentration in early months rather than a uniform seasonal spread. The mean of 3.75 versus median of 1.0 confirms this heavy front-loading, which would surprise an analyst expecting roughly uniform monthly representation. Treatment: Treat as a cyclical feature — apply sin/cos encoding (2π·month/12) before modelling to capture periodicity; investigate heavy January concentration before use. high · anthropic:default

n

610

nulls

1 (0.2%)

unique

12

min

1

max

12

mean

3.752

median

1

std

3.75

q1

1

q3

7

iqr

6

skew

1.002

kurtosis

-0.5078

n_outliers

0

outlier_rate

0

zero_rate

0

This column represents geographic coordinate uncertainty (likely in meters), a standard biodiversity/occurrence record field indicating the spatial precision of a location fix. Two signals are striking: the distribution is extremely right-skewed (skew=17.3, kurtosis=335.7) with a median of just 35m but a max of 766,917m (~767km), and 91 outliers (19.3% of rows) drive a mean of 6,463m versus a median of 35m — suggesting a mix of GPS-precise records and very coarse or placeholder uncertainty values. Additionally, 22.6% of values are null, meaning nearly a quarter of records carry no uncertainty estimate at all. Treatment: Log-transform or winsorize before modelling; flag nulls and extreme values (>10,000m) as a separate binary indicator for spatial reliability filtering. high · anthropic:default

n

610

nulls

138 (22.6%)

unique

151

min

1

max

766,917

mean

6463

median

35

std

3.814e+04

q1

5

q3

466.8

iqr

461.8

skew

17.3

kurtosis

335.7

n_outliers

91

outlier_rate

0.1928

zero_rate

0

This column is the GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) occurrence identifier, a globally unique numeric key assigned to biodiversity occurrence records. With 610 rows, 610 unique values, a null rate of 0.0, and an entropy ratio of essentially 1.0, every record has a distinct ID — perfect identifier behaviour. The top frequency of 0.001639 (1 occurrence each) confirms zero duplication. Values appear to be sequential large integers in the 5937748xxx range, consistent with GBIF's ID scheme. Treatment: Retain as a primary key for joins or provenance tracking; drop from any model feature set. high · anthropic:default

n

610

nulls

0 (0.0%)

unique

610

top_value

5937748304

top_rate

0.001639

cardinality

610

entropy

9.253

entropy_ratio

1