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processed cognate sets

source /home/coolhand/servers/diachronica/etymology_atlas/processed/cognate_sets.json 4,981 rows 8 columns profiled 2026-05-01 raw JSON static .html .ipynb Report Notebook

Reading

dataset summary · high confidence anthropic:claude-opus-4-7

This dataset contains 4,981 cognate sets sourced entirely from the 'iecor' source_dataset, each identified by a unique cognate_id. The two main numeric signals are language_count and word_count, which are nearly identical in distribution: both have a median of 2 and mean around 5.17, but stretch out to a maximum of 157 with skew above 6.8 and roughly 13% of rows flagged as outliers. That long tail is the most interesting story — most cognate sets are small, but a minority span very many languages/words and deserve a closer look. Note that concept is empty for every row, confidence is constant at 1.0, and source_dataset has only one value, so those columns carry no analytic signal.

citing: row_count · column_count · language_count · word_count · concept · confidence · source_dataset · cognate_id

language_count · Look at the long right tail — most sets cover just 1-2 languages but a few reach 157.
Show data table
bincount
1 – 4.93849
4.9 – 8.8483
8.8 – 12.7194
12.7 – 16.696
16.6 – 20.590
20.5 – 24.4107
24.4 – 28.332
28.3 – 32.225
32.2 – 36.115
36.1 – 404
40 – 43.98
43.9 – 47.88
47.8 – 51.76
51.7 – 55.65
55.6 – 59.53
59.5 – 63.43
63.4 – 67.38
67.3 – 71.23
71.2 – 75.13
75.1 – 794
79 – 82.90
82.9 – 86.81
86.8 – 90.72
90.7 – 94.64
94.6 – 98.55
98.5 – 102.42
102.4 – 106.33
106.3 – 110.22
110.2 – 114.12
114.1 – 1183
118 – 121.90
121.9 – 125.81
125.8 – 129.71
129.7 – 133.60
133.6 – 137.52
137.5 – 141.42
141.4 – 145.30
145.3 – 149.20
149.2 – 153.11
153.1 – 1574
word_count · Mirrors language_count almost exactly; check whether the two are effectively duplicates.
Show data table
bincount
1 – 4.93848
4.9 – 8.8484
8.8 – 12.7194
12.7 – 16.696
16.6 – 20.590
20.5 – 24.4107
24.4 – 28.332
28.3 – 32.225
32.2 – 36.115
36.1 – 404
40 – 43.98
43.9 – 47.88
47.8 – 51.76
51.7 – 55.65
55.6 – 59.53
59.5 – 63.43
63.4 – 67.38
67.3 – 71.23
71.2 – 75.13
75.1 – 793
79 – 82.91
82.9 – 86.81
86.8 – 90.72
90.7 – 94.64
94.6 – 98.55
98.5 – 102.42
102.4 – 106.33
106.3 – 110.22
110.2 – 114.12
114.1 – 1183
118 – 121.90
121.9 – 125.81
125.8 – 129.71
129.7 – 133.60
133.6 – 137.52
137.5 – 141.42
141.4 – 145.30
145.3 – 149.20
149.2 – 153.11
153.1 – 1574
source_dataset · Confirms every row comes from a single source ('iecor'), so no cross-source comparison is possible.
Show data table
valuecountshare
iecor4981100.0%
cognate_id · ID strings cluster tightly at length 10, useful as a sanity check on identifier formatting.
Show data table
charscount
7 – 75
7 – 70
7 – 70
7 – 70
7 – 70
7 – 70
7 – 80
8 – 80
8 – 80
8 – 80
8 – 80
8 – 80
8 – 80
8 – 844
8 – 80
8 – 80
8 – 80
8 – 80
8 – 80
8 – 80
8 – 90
9 – 90
9 – 90
9 – 90
9 – 90
9 – 90
9 – 9477
9 – 90
9 – 90
9 – 90
9 – 90
9 – 90
9 – 90
9 – 100
10 – 100
10 – 100
10 – 100
10 – 100
10 – 100
10 – 104455

Schema

8 columns
Alerts
cognate_id text 0.0% 4,981
near_unique one_word short_text
concept categorical 0.0% 1
imbalance
words unknown 0.0% —
skipped
source_dataset categorical 0.0% 1
imbalance
confidence numeric 0.0% 1
constant
word_count numeric 0.0% 93
high_skew outliers
language_count numeric 0.0% 94
high_skew outliers
sources unknown 0.0% —
skipped

cognate_id

text identifier near_unique one_word short_text
This is a primary identifier column: every one of the 4981 values is unique, non-null, single-token, and follows an `iecor:` pattern (length 7-10 chars). With n_unique == n and duplicate_rate 0, it functions as a cognate-set key from the IECoR resource rather than a modelling feature. Treatment: Use as the join key to cognate metadata; exclude from any model features. high · anthropic:claude-opus-4-7
n
4,981
nulls
0 (0.0%)
unique
4,981
len_min
7
len_max
10
len_mean
9.884
len_median
10
len_p95
10
word_mean
1
word_median
1
n_empty
0
n_duplicates
0
duplicate_rate
0
vocab_size
4,981
readability_flesch_mean
121.2
emoji_rate
0
url_rate
0
one_word_rate
1
allcaps_rate
0
boilerplate_rate
0

concept

categorical other imbalance
The 'concept' column is a categorical field that is entirely constant: all 4981 rows hold the same empty-string value, giving cardinality 1 and entropy 0. It carries no information and was flagged for imbalance with a top_rate of 1.0. Treatment: Drop; the column is constant and contributes no signal. high · anthropic:claude-opus-4-7
n
4,981
nulls
0 (0.0%)
unique
1
top_value
top_rate
1
cardinality
1
entropy
0
entropy_ratio
0

words

unknown other skipped
The column is named "words" but saturn skipped profiling it, so its kind is unknown and no descriptive statistics were computed. The only confirmed signals are 4981 non-null rows with a null rate of 0.0; uniqueness, type, and value distribution are all unavailable. Treatment: Re-profile or manually inspect this column before any downstream use, since saturn skipped it. low · anthropic:claude-opus-4-7
n
4,981
nulls
0 (0.0%)
unique
—

source_dataset

categorical metadata imbalance
This column records the originating dataset for each row, but every one of the 4981 records carries the single value "iecor". Cardinality is 1 and entropy is 0, so the field carries no information for modelling or grouping. Treatment: Drop; constant column with no discriminative signal. high · anthropic:claude-opus-4-7
n
4,981
nulls
0 (0.0%)
unique
1
top_value
iecor
top_rate
1
cardinality
1
entropy
0
entropy_ratio
0

confidence

numeric metadata constant
The column 'confidence' is a numeric field that is entirely constant: all 4981 rows hold the value 1.0, with zero standard deviation and a single unique value. It carries no information for downstream modelling and likely reflects a default or hard-coded score rather than a measured probability. Treatment: drop, constant column with no variance high · anthropic:claude-opus-4-7
n
4,981
nulls
0 (0.0%)
unique
1
min
1
max
1
mean
1
median
1
std
0
q1
1
q3
1
iqr
0
skew
0
kurtosis
0
n_outliers
0
outlier_rate
0
zero_rate
0

word_count

numeric feature high_skew outliers
Counts of words per record, ranging from 1 to 157 with a median of 2 and IQR of 3. The distribution is severely right-skewed (skew 6.84, kurtosis 59.74) with 649 outliers (13.0% of rows) pulling the mean to 5.17 against std 12.13. Most entries are very short while a long tail of verbose records dominates the variance. Treatment: Apply a log1p transform before modelling to tame the heavy right tail. high · anthropic:claude-opus-4-7
n
4,981
nulls
0 (0.0%)
unique
93
min
1
max
157
mean
5.168
median
2
std
12.13
q1
1
q3
4
iqr
3
skew
6.837
kurtosis
59.74
n_outliers
649
outlier_rate
0.1303
zero_rate
0

language_count

numeric feature high_skew outliers
A count of languages per record, ranging from 1 to 157 with a median of just 2 and IQR of 3. The distribution is severely right-skewed (skew 6.84, kurtosis 59.77) with 649 outliers (13.0%), meaning a small number of records list dozens of languages while most list only a handful. Treatment: Log-transform or cap before modelling to tame the heavy tail. high · anthropic:claude-opus-4-7
n
4,981
nulls
0 (0.0%)
unique
94
min
1
max
157
mean
5.166
median
2
std
12.13
q1
1
q3
4
iqr
3
skew
6.838
kurtosis
59.77
n_outliers
649
outlier_rate
0.1303
zero_rate
0

sources

unknown other skipped
The column 'sources' was skipped by the profiler, so its kind is unknown and no descriptive statistics are available. We can only confirm it has 4981 rows with a null rate of 0.0 and no recorded unique count. Without further evidence, the content and structure cannot be characterised. Treatment: Re-profile or manually inspect this column before deciding on downstream handling. low · anthropic:claude-opus-4-7
n
4,981
nulls
0 (0.0%)
unique
—